Overview

The usage of adverbial cases is limited to a small number of words. Adverbial cases do not normally have attributes. That is why they are often regarded as adverbs.

Superessive

The usage of the superessive is limited to a small number of pronouns. The superessive expresses a place where something is located. The superessive suffix is -alla/-ällä in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
täällä	here
tuolla	over there
siellä	there
muualla	elsewhere
toisaalla	elsewhere
yhtäällä	in one place
moniaalla	in many places
kaikkialla	everywhere

Delative

The usage of the delative is limited to a small number of pronouns. The delative expresses a place where something comes from. The delative suffix is -alta/-ältä in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
täältä	from here
tuolta	from over there
sieltä	from there
muualta	from elsewhere
toisaalta	from elsewhere on the other hand
yhtäältä	from one place
moniaalta	from many places
kaikkialta	from everywhere

Sublative

The usage of the sublative is limited to a small number of pronouns. The sublative expresses a place where something goes to. The sublative suffix is -alle or -nne in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
minne	where to
jonne	where (relative pronoun)
tänne	here
tuonne	over there
sinne	there
muualle	elsewhere
muuanne	elsewhere
toisaalle	elsewhere
yhtäälle	to one place
moniaalle	to many places
kaikkialle	to everywhere

Lative

The usage of the lative is limited to a small number of adverb stems and comparative forms. The lative expresses a place where something goes to. The lative suffix is -s or - in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
alas	down
ylös	up
taa	behind
luo	to
työ	to
taas	again
edes	at least, even
lähemmäs	closer to
kauemmas	further, farther away, farther off
alemmas	farther down
ylemmäs	higher up
taemmas	further back
edemmäs	farther on, farther off
rannemmas	closer to the shore

Temporal

The usage of the temporal is limited to a small number of pronouns. The temporal expresses the point in time. The temporal suffix is -lloin/-llöin in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
milloin	when
jolloin	when (relative)
tällöin	at this time
silloin	then
tuolloin	at that time
muulloin	at another time

Causative

The usage of the causative is limited to a small number of pronouns, adjectives and their superlative forms. The causative suffix is -ten in both the singular and in the plural.

Finnish	English
joten	so, thus, therefore
siten	thus, therefore
täten	hereby, thus
miten	how
kuten	as, like
jotenkin	somehow
kuitenkin	anyway
kuitenkaan	anyway (negative)
jotenkuten	somehow
vähiten	(the) least
parhaiten	best
nopeiten	fastest
eniten	most
kauiten	longest
useimmiten	mostly
vanhemmiten	later in life

Multiplicative

The usage of the multiplicative is limited to a small number of nouns (especially swear words), pronouns and short numerals. Moreover, all the adjectives decline in the multiplicative. In the multiplicative, swear words express a huge amount of something or the power of the action. Adjectives express the means of the action and pronouns and numerals express how many times the action is performed. The multiplicative suffix is -sti in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
pirusti	a damned lot
leikisti	not really
kauniisti	beautifully
useasti	many times
monesti	many times
kolmesti	three times, thrice
pakosti	by force

Distributive

The usage of the distributive is limited to a small number of nouns, adjectives and numerals. The distributive suffix is -ttain/-ttäin in both the singular and in the plural. Singular forms are used very seldom.

Finnish	English
paikoittain	here and there
suomalaisittain	in a Finnish way
yksittäin	one at a time
ryhmittäin	a group at a time

Temporal Distributive

The usage of the temporal distributive is limited to a small number of adverb stems and nouns. The temporal distributive expresses the origin of something or the frequent point in time. The temporal distributive suffix is -sin in the plural. The singular forms are not used.

Finnish	English
maanantaisin	Mondays
arkisin	weekdays
pyhisin	Sundays and holidays
viikonloppuisin	weekends, on the weekend
kesäisin	summers, in the summer
talvisin	winters, in the winter
aikaisin	early
alkuisin	originally
lähtöisin	originally
peräisin	originally
syntyisin	born (in), by birth, originally
sekaisin	in disorder, mixed up
takaisin	back
jalkaisin	by foot

Prolative

The usage of the prolative is limited to a small number of nouns and adverb stems. The prolative expresses the means by which something can go or be sent. The prolative suffix is -tse in both the singular and in the plural. Singular forms are seldom used.

Finnish	English
postitse	by mail
maitse	by land
jäitse	across the ice
meritse	by sea
vesitse	by water
lentoteitse	by plane
ohitse	over
lävitse	through
alitse	under
ylitse	over

Situative

The usage of the situative is limited to a small number of adverb stems and nouns. The situative expresses the location of two things compared with each other. The situative suffix is -kkain/-kkäin in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
nenäkkäin	nose to nose
nokakkain	beak to beak
sisäkkäin	inside each other, one inside the other
vastakkain	against each other, opposite to each other
lähekkäin	near to each other, close together
vierekkäin	next to each other, side by side
seläkkäin	back to back

Oppositive

The usage of the oppositive is limited to a small number of adverb stems and nouns. The oppositive expresses in which position two things are facing each other. The oppositive suffix is -tusten/-tysten in the singular. The plural forms are not used.

Finnish	English
kasvotusten	face to face
selätysten	back to back
nokatusten	beak to beak
vastatusten	opposite to each other
vieretysten	side by side