#include <iostream.h>
#include <string>

const int MAX_LKM=5;


template <class TYYPPI>
class cPino {
  int top;
  TYYPPI alkiot[MAX_LKM];
public:

  class cPinoVirhe {
    string viesti;
  public:
    cPinoVirhe(const string &s) : viesti(s) {};
    const string &getViesti() { return viesti; }
  };

  class cPushVirhe : public cPinoVirhe {
    TYYPPI n;
  public:
    cPushVirhe(const string &s,const TYYPPI &an) : cPinoVirhe(s),n(an) {};
    TYYPPI getN() { return n; }
  };

  cPino() { top = 0; }
  void push(const TYYPPI &i) {
    if ( top >= MAX_LKM ) throw cPushVirhe("Ei voi pussata",i);
    alkiot[top] = i;     // = -operator
    top++;
  }
  TYYPPI pop() {
    if ( top <= 0 ) throw cPinoVirhe("Ei voi popata");
    top--;
    return alkiot[top];  // copy constructor
  }
};

int main(void)
{
  cPino<string> pino;
  cPino<double> pinod;
  try {
    pino.push("Kissa");
    pino.push("Koira");
    pino.push("Koira");
    pino.push("Koira");
    pino.push("Kettu");
    pino.push("Mato");
  }
  catch ( cPino<string>::cPushVirhe v ) {
    cout << v.getViesti() << " " << v.getN() << "\n";
  }

  try {
    pinod.push(23.4);
    pinod.push(4.5);
    pinod.push(4.5);
    pinod.push(4.5);
    pinod.push(4.5);
    pinod.push(4.6);
    pinod.push(4.8);
  }
  catch ( cPino<double>::cPushVirhe v ) {
    cout << v.getViesti() << " " << v.getN() << "\n";
  }
  try {
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pino.pop() << "\n";
  }
  catch ( cPino<string>::cPinoVirhe v ) {
    cout << v.getViesti() << "\n";
  }
  try {
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
    cout << pinod.pop() << "\n";
  }
  catch ( cPino<double>::cPinoVirhe v ) {
    cout << v.getViesti() << "\n";
  }
  return 0;
}