#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
  using std::cout, std::fixed, std::setw, std::setprecision;
  using std::left, std::right, std::scientific, std::setfill;
  cout<<"default output:\n";
  cout<<sqrt(2)<<"\n"; 
  cout<<"fixed:\n";
  cout<<fixed<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"setprecision (stays set):\n";
  cout<<setprecision(10)<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"setw:\n";
  cout<<setw(20)<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"too short field in setw:\n";
  cout<<setw(3)<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"numbers are aligned by default to the right in the the field\n";
  cout<<"field width 20 applies only once:\n";
  cout<<setw(20)<<sqrt(2)<<sqrt(3)<<"\n";  
  cout<<"set field width again and again:\n";
  cout<<setw(20)<<sqrt(2)<<setw(20)<<sqrt(3)<<"\n";
  cout<<"numbers are aligned by default to the right in the the field\n";
  cout<<"set to left alignment (stays set):\n";
  cout<<left;
  cout<<setw(20)<<sqrt(2)<<setw(20)<<sqrt(3)<<"\n";
  cout<<setw(20)<<sqrt(2)<<setw(20)<<sqrt(3)<<"\n";
  cout<<"reset to right alignment (stays set):\n";
  cout<<right;
  cout<<setw(20)<<sqrt(2)<<setw(20)<<sqrt(3)<<"\n";
  cout<<"another way to set values are methods cout.precision() and cout.width()\n";
  cout<<"cout.precision(20):\n";
  cout.precision(20);
  cout<<sqrt(2)<<"\n"; 
  cout<<"cout.width(50):\n";
  cout.width(50);
  cout<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"cout<<scientific (stays set)\n";
  cout<<scientific;
  cout<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"fill unused field with zeros using setfill('0') (stays set):\n";
  cout<<setprecision(5);  
  cout<< setfill('0');
  cout<<setw(30)<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<setw(30)<<sqrt(3)<<"\n";
  cout<<"fill unused field with x's using setfill('X') (stays set):\n";
  cout<< setfill('X');
  cout<<"left aligned:\n";
  cout<<setw(30)<<left<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
  cout<<"right aligned (default):\n";
  cout<<setw(30)<<right<<sqrt(2)<<"\n";
}