Text-book approach
Dominating approach for introducing methods is based on trial and error (e.g. Smolander et al. 1990):
- Organizations choose their methods, either consciously by selecting one of the well known "text-book" methods, or indirectly by introducing a CASE tool that applies specific methods.
- A new methodical approach is then introduced in a "one-shot" manner.
- Situations are enough similar to be solved by applying universal methods.
- Flexibility is recognized in some methods (cf. Booch 1994, Coleman et al. 1994), but they do not include mechanism to modify them.